Bilateral C5 Nerve Branch Supplies the Levator Scapulae and Serratus Anterior Muscles: A Cadaveric Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46570/utjms-2024-1162Keywords:
C5 Nerve Branch, Levator Scapulae Muscle, Serratus Anterior Muscle, Long Thoracic Nerve, Dorsal Scapular Nerve, SymposiumReferences
Jack AS, Shah V, Jacques LG. Foraminal Origin of the Dorsal Scapular Nerve: An Anatomical Study. World Neurosurgery. 2020;144:e341-e346. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.127
Gümüsburun E, Adigüzel E. A variation of the brachial plexus characterized by the absence of the musculocutaneous nerve a case report. Surg Radiol Anat. 2000;22(1):63-65. doi:10.1007/s00276-000-0063-x
Shilal P, Sarda RK, Chhetri K, Lama P, Tamang BK. Aberrant Dual Origin of the Dorsal Scapular Nerve and Its Communication with Long Thoracic Nerve: An Unusual Variation of the Brachial Plexus. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9(6):AD01-AD02. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2015/13620.6027
Bertelli JA, Ghizoni MF. Long Thoracic Nerve: Anatomy and Functional Assessment. JBJS. 2005;87(5):993. doi:10.2106/JBJS.D.02383
Tanaka N, Fujimoto Y, An HS, Ikuta Y, Yasuda M. The anatomic relation among the nerve roots, intervertebral foramina, and intervertebral discs of the cervical spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000;25(3):286-291. doi:10.1097/00007632-200002010-00005
Thwin SS, Zaini F, Than M, Lwin S, Myint M. Unusual variations of the lateral and posterior cords in a female cadaver. Singapore Med J. 2012;53(6):e128-130.
Fockens MM, Kraak JT, Leemans CR, Eerenstein SEJ. Management of the brachial plexus in head and neck cancer. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery. 2023;31(2):105-110. doi:10.1097/MOO.0000000000000869
Tubbs RS, Salter EG, Custis JW, Wellons JC, Blount JP, Oakes WJ. Surgical anatomy of the cervical and infraclavicular parts of the long thoracic nerve. J Neurosurg. 2006;104(5):792-795. doi:10.3171/jns.2006.104.5.792
Benes M, Kachlik D, Belbl M, et al. A meta-analysis on the anatomical variability of the brachial plexus: Part II — Branching of the supraclavicular part. Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger. 2021;238:151788. doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151788
Connolly MR, Auchincloss HG. Anatomy and Embryology of the Thoracic Outlet. Thorac Surg Clin. 2021;31(1):1-10. doi:10.1016/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007
Thomas Horwitz M, Tocantins LM. An anatomical study of the role of the long thoracic nerve and the related scapular bursae in the pathogenesis of local paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle. The Anatomical Record. 1938;71(4):375-385. doi:10.1002/ar.1090710402
Lee HY, Chung IH, Sir WS, et al. Variations of the ventral rami of the brachial plexus. J Korean Med Sci. 1992;7(1):19-24. doi:10.3346/jkms.1992.7.1.19
Maklad A, Quinn T, Fritzsch B. Intracranial distribution of the sympathetic system in mice: DiI tracing and immunocytochemical labeling. Anat Rec. 2001;263(1):99-111. doi:10.1002/ar.1083
Kirik A, Mut SE, Daneyemez MK, Secer HI. Anatomical Variations of Brachial Plexus in Fetal Cadavers. Turkish Neurosurgery. 28(5). doi:10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.21339-17.2
Ballesteros LE, Ramirez LM. Variations of the origin of collateral branches emerging from the posterior aspect of the brachial plexus. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj. 2007;2:14. doi:10.1186/1749-7221-2-14
Yazar F, Kilic C, Acar HI, Candir N, Comert A. The long thoracic nerve: Its origin, branches, and relationship to the middle scalene muscle. Clin Anat. 2009;22(4):476-480. doi:10.1002/ca.20794
Laulan J, Fouquet B, Rodaix C, Jauffret P, Roquelaure Y, Descatha A. Thoracic outlet syndrome: definition, aetiological factors, diagnosis, management and occupational impact. J Occup Rehabil. 2011;21(3):366-373. doi:10.1007/s10926-010-9278-9
Panther EJ, Reintgen CD, Cueto RJ, Hao KA, Chim H, King JJ. Thoracic outlet syndrome: a review. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2022;31(11):e545-e561. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2022.06.026
Sanders RJ, Hammond SL, Rao NM. Diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome. Journal of Vascular Surgery. 2007;46(3):601-604. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2007.04.050
Godat DM, Sanger JR, Lifchez SD, et al. Detailed neurovascular anatomy of the serratus anterior muscle: implications for a functional muscle flap with multiple independent force vectors. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;114(1):21-29; discussion 30-31. doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000129072.11466.c3
Khan MN, Rodriguez LG, Pool CD, et al. The versatility of the serratus anterior free flap in head and neck reconstruction. The Laryngoscope. 2017;127(3):568-573. doi:10.1002/lary.26116
Ulrich D, Fuchs P, Bozkurt A, Pallua N. Free serratus anterior fascia flap for reconstruction of hand and finger defects. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2010;130(2):217-222. doi:10.1007/s00402-009-0845-5
Vastamäki M, Kauppila LI. Etiologic factors in isolated paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle: A report of 197 cases. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 1993;2(5):240-243. doi:10.1016/S1058-2746(09)80082-7
Duncan MA, Lotze MT, Gerber LH, Rosenberg SA. Incidence, Recovery, and Management of Serratus Anterior Muscle Palsy after Axillary Node Dissection. Physical Therapy. 1983;63(8):1243-1247. doi:10.1093/ptj/63.8.1243
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Sarah Porter, Alex Hasselbach, Matthew Folkman, John Vergis, Megan Busch, Dr. Adel Maklad (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).